eprintid: 239
rev_number: 13
eprint_status: archive
userid: 5
dir: disk0/00/00/02/39
datestamp: 2013-06-18 07:27:19
lastmod: 2018-02-26 11:31:35
status_changed: 2013-06-18 07:27:19
type: thesis
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Rizzo, M.
title: Beamforming per WSN basato sul modello di antenna a schiera con elementi distribuiti in maniera casuale 
ispublished: pub
subjects: TK
full_text_status: public
keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Evolutionary Optimization, Smart Antennas, Array synthesis, ACM
abstract: Nell'ambito delle reti wireless ad-hoc e WSN, la trasmissione wireless deve essere efficiente sia dal punto di vista della QoS che dal punto di vista del risparmio energetico. Per quanto riguarda la gestione delle risorse che caratterizza tipicamente il progetto delle reti wireless di dispositivi a basso consumo (ad es. WSN), la letteratura propone numerosi studi volti al limitare il consumo in fase di trasmissione/ricezione, ad esempio limitando l'active-time dei nodi a quando strettamente necessario oppure riducendo la quantità di informazione trasmessa.
Il problema della gestione dell'energia risulta particolarmente problematico quando si considera un'architettura di tipo master-slave ovvero quando la base station richiede la trasmissione ai terminali mobili, sia a causa della quantità di dati da scambiare (ad es.: scaricamento dei dati raccolti in un'intera giornata) sia per via delle distanze in gioco (molto spesso superiori di quelle inter-nodo). Al fine di ottimizzare la trasmissione nodi-base, recentemente è apparso in letteratura un lavoro sull'analisi del beamforming distribuito, ovvero sulla trasmissione nodi-base basata sulla cooperazione. In particolare, i nodi, coordinati da un master, si sincronizzano generando una sorta di array conforme con il beam pattern focalizzato in una direzione precisa. Questo consente, nel caso in cui la rete debba scambiare dati con la stazione base, un abbattimento del consumo grazie ad una trasmissione più efficiente (in termini di distribuzione della potenza radiata).
A partire da questo approccio, il gruppo ELEDIA ha recentemente sviluppato un algoritmo per il beamforming distribuito in una WSN in grado di orientare il main lobe del radiation pattern verso la base station e, in un secondo momento, modificare real-time la trasmissione del segnale su ogni nodo (introducendo un guadagno oppure un ritardo) per introdurre dei nulli in modo da attenuare i segnali interferenti. Tale architettura consente di sfruttare le potenzialità del beamforming distribuito sia nel trasmettere un segnale in una zona remota (orientando il main lobe) che nella fase di ricezione (grazie alla possibilità di annullare eventuali segnali interferenti). Inoltre, la complessità hardware dell'intero sistema è confrontabile alla complessità di una WSN, poiché è necessario disporre solamente di un nodo di controllo. Quest'ultimo raccoglie i contributi di segnale raccolti dai vari nodi, li compone e restituisce il messaggio al destinatario (contribuendo in questo modo anche alla sicurezza nella trasmissione).
Partendo da tale algoritmo, il presente progetto si propone di modellare la rete assumendo che la posizione di ogni nodo sia una variabile aleatoria anziché una quantità deterministica. Considerando i modelli proposti in letteratura, il radiation pattern dovrà essere espresso in termini di probabilità data una distribuzione randomica dei nodi. Tale modello consentirà di generalizzare i risultati ottenuti nel metodo precedentemente sviluppato.

date: 2004
date_type: published
institution: University of Trento
department: ELEDIA Research Center@DISI
thesis_type: masters
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[91]	G. Oliveri, L. Lizzi, F. Robol, and A. Massa, “Polarization-agile ADS-interleaved planar arrays”, PIER, in press, 2013.
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[94]	F. Viani, L. Lizzi, P. Rocca, M. Benedetti, M. Donelli, and A. Massa, "Object tracking through RSSI measurements in wireless sensor networks," Electronics Letters, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 653-654, 2008.
[95]	F. Viani, P. Rocca, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Electromagnetic tracking of transceiver-free targets in wireless networked environments," 6th European Conference on Antennas Propag. (EuCAP 2011), Rome, Italy, pp. 3808-3811, Apr. 11-15, 2011 (Invited paper).
[96]	F. Viani, F. Robol, A. Polo, P. Rocca, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Wireless architectures for heterogeneous sensing in smart home applications - concepts and real implementations", Proc. IEEE, in press. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2013.2266858
[97]	F. Viani, G. Oliveri, M. Donelli, L. Lizzi, P. Rocca, and A. Massa, "WSN-based solutions for security and surveillance," 40th European Microwave Conference 2010 (EuMC2010), Paris, France, pp. 1762-1765, Sep. 26 - Oct. 1, 2010.
[98]	F. Viani, P. Rocca, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Pervasive remote sensing through WSNs," 6th European Conference on Antennas Propag. (EuCAP 2012), Prague, Czech Republic, Mar. 26-30, 2012.

citation:   Rizzo, M.  (2004) Beamforming per WSN basato sul modello di antenna a schiera con elementi distribuiti in maniera casuale.  Masters thesis, University of Trento.   
document_url: http://www.eledia.org/students-reports/239/7/Abstract.A175.pdf